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chool yesterday.
3.He hit a dog.
4.I saw you yesterday.
5.He walks to school every day.
6.He sent this book to me.
7.They are good students.
8.He wrote two novels.
9.They ate all of the apples.
10. He swims every morning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词（transitive verbs）。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词，而这个名词是动词的受词（object），其它句子的动词，都是不及物动词，因为他们都没有任何受词。
我们将以上句子中，主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下：
句子
主词
及物动词
受词
He hit a dog.
He
hit
dog
I saw you yesterday.
I
saw
you
He sent his book to me.
He
sent
his book
He wrote two novels.
He
wrote
two novels
They ate all of the apples.
They
ate
all of the apples
一旦动词是及物动词，我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气（active voice）改成被动语气（passive voice）。但我们也要警告读者，不要轻易用被动语气，因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。
8§2 没有助动词的被动语气
在这以前，我们的句子都是主动语气，这种句子的基本形式如下：
主词＋动词＋受词
所谓的被动语气，乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说，主动语气中，我们说“我看到一些狗”，在被动语气中，我们说“一些狗被我看到”。在英文中，将主动语气改成被动语气，必须做以下的动作：
原有受词变成名词
动词变成verb to be＋过去分词（past participle）
原有主词变成在动词后面，但前面加by.
举例来说，主动语气的句子可以是
I saw a cat.
被动语气就成了
A cat was seen by me.
最重要的是，verb to be的时式必须和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，动词是过去式，所以verb to be也是过去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主词。请看以下的例子：
I saw two cats.
改成被动语气以后，句子是：
Two cats were seen by me.
以下是主动改被动的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：
主动语气（active voice）
被动语气（passive voice）
Mr. Jones hit the dog.
The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.
My brother saw you yesterday.
You were seen by my brother yesterday.
He sent the book to me.
The book was sent to me by him.
Dickens wrote those two novels.
Those two novels were written by Dickens.
They ate all of the apples.
All of he apples were eaten by them.
Jane wrote that song.
That song was written by Jane.
My mother loves me.
I am loved by my mother.
「练习二十八」
将以下的句子由主动语气改成被动：
He saw that movie last night.
He wrote that letter to me.
He teaches those English classes.
God loves you.
They bought two houses.
I painted this room.
He grows those roses.
He helps his students.
I sold the house.
My uncle bought this car.
「练习二十九」
将以下的句子由被动语气改成主动语气：
The policeman was seen by me.
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