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4§1 现在完成式(Present Perfect Tense)
完成式的形式是 verb to have + past participle,每一个动词,都有过去式和过去分词,以下就是一些例子:
原式
过去式
过去分词(past participle)
go went gone
come came come
see saw seen
do did done
watch watched watched
get got gotten(或got)
have had had
use used used
buy bought bought
listen listened listened
draw drew drawn
paint painted painted
leave left left
arrive arrived arrived
dance danced danced
kill killed killed
write wrote written
run ran run
swim swam swum
snow snowed snowed
eat ate eaten
love loved loved
fly flew flown
spread spread spread
hit hit hit
drink drank drunk
take took taken
grow grew grown
sell sold sold
ride rode ridden
steal stole stolen
break broke broken
walk walked walked
read read read
sing sang sung
work worked worked
以下的句子都是用了现在完成式:
I have read this book.
I have seen the movie.
I have lived here since 1973.
I have studied English for a long time.
He has washed his hands.
He has left.
He has already completed the report.
The storm has arrived.
I have taken the job.
I have written the letters.
I have not seen him since 1975.
I have never seen this man before.
什么情况之下要用现在完成式呢?
首先假设我们有一件事,发生在过去,而一直延续到现在,就要用现在完成式,这种句子后面常有since或for。以下是这种情形的例子:
(1)自从1963年,我一直在念英文。
I have studied English since 1963.
(2)自从1975年以后,我就住在这里。
I have lived here since 1975.
(3)自从我是一个小孩子,我就喜欢摇滚乐。
I have loved rock and roll music since I was a child.
(4)自从去年,我就从来没有见过他。
Since last year, I have never seen him.
(5)自从1950年以后,他就一直在此工作。
He has worked here since 1950.
(6)我认识他已经很久了。
I have known him for a long time.
(7)他练习网球已经四年了。
He has already practiced tennis for (the past) four years.
(8)我穿这件夹克很久了。
I have worn this jacket for a very long time.
(9)我开这辆汽车很久了。
I have driven this car for a long time.
(10)好久没有下雨了。
It has not rained for a long time.
2.使用现在完成式的另一情况是强调已经完成的事,比方说,你说“我已经写了那封信”,就可以用现在完成式,或者,你说“他已经完成了工作”。以下是这类的例子:
(1)我已经写了这封信。
I have already written the letter.
(2)他已经完成了工作。
He has already completed the work.
(3)我已经测试了这个程序。
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