《基础英语》课程
全国统一命题考试说明

根据《高等教育自学考试课程命题大纲》和《基础英语课程自学考试大纲》的有关要求，对《基础英语》（国际贸易专业专科）课程全国统一命题工作作如下说明。

1、宗旨

《基础英语》是高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业（专科段）的一门专业基础课程，旨在使应考者在巩固和提高英语基本语言知识和应用能力的同时，了解经贸场合下英语在词汇、语法和篇章方面的特点，增长和积累经贸知识，从而为今后进一步自学打好语言和专业两方面的基础。这门课程是一门知识性、综合性和应用性的课程。根据以上特点，本课程考核要点中所列的各项内容，包括能正确使用其中的词汇、语法概念和结构造句、进行英汉互译，理解课文和类似文章的结构和意义以及分析问题和解决问题的能力，并以后者为重点。

2、标准

本课程以普通高等学校同专业同课程专科结业水平为命题参照标准。

3、目标

①客观、公正、有效地检验学生掌握本课程知识及相应能力的状况。
②有利于提高考试的信度和效度，有助于自学考试标准化、规范化试题库的建立和不断完善。
③正确引导个人自学和社会助学。

一、命题依据和范围

1、依据
以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会2000年3月制定的《基础英语自学考试大纲》和《英语》（上、下册，吴顺昌、黄振华主编，中国人民大学出版社2000年9月版）教材内容为依据。

2、范围
命题覆盖《基础英语自学考试大纲》规定的28课学习内容，所考核的知识点、考核要求及考核重点完全按照考试大纲的要求。

二、试卷蓝图

1、题型
试卷题型包括：单词或短语的英汉互译（各5题，共10分）、词汇应用和语法结构（各15题，共30分）、改错（10题，共10分）、完型填空（20题，共10分）、阅读理解（二篇短文，10题，共25分）和英汉句子互译（各2题，共15分）共六种。

2、能力结构
试卷试题考核"识记"、"简单应用"和"综合应用"三个能力层次，在不同能力层次题目的分值比例安排上，记忆性的题目分值不高于卷面的30％，简单应用性的题目占40％左右，综合应用性的题目占30％左右。

3、难度结构
试卷按"易"、"较易"、"较难"、和"难"四个难度层次组配试题，其分数比例依次为20：30：30：20。

4、重点和非重点
试卷既突出课程的重点，又兼顾覆盖面（详见本课程考试大纲）。

三、其他

1、考试以闭卷方式进行，时间为150分钟，评分采取百分制，60分为及格。
2、考试时只需携带钢笔或圆珠笔，不准带词典和电子字典等工具。


《基础英语》课程样题


一、单词或短语的英汉互译（每小题1分，共10分）

1、将下列词语译成中文：
（1）premium
（2）economies of scale
（3）bank balances and reserves

2、将下列词语译成英文：
（1）垄断
（2）比较优势
（3）额外储备金

二、词汇应用和语法结构（每小题1分，共30分）

1、词汇应用
选择最佳答案
（1）when my boss said he would ________ me to another department, I was very happy because I wanted to some other job for a change.
A、transport
B、transfer
C、dismiss
D、transform

（2）The price of necessities has not ________ a great deal in the past few years.
A、waved
B、fluctuated
C、vibrated
D、shook

2、语法结构
选择最佳答案
（1）The price was very reasonable, I would gladly have paid ________ she asked.
A、twice much as
B、as twice much as
C、twice as much as
D、twice as many as

（2）Everything in this house ________ if you had not called the brigade in time.
A、will be destroyed
B、would be destroyed
C、will have been destroyed
D、would have been destroyed

三、改错（每小题1分，共10分）

下面句子中有A、B、C、D四个划底线部分，其中有一个是错误的，选出错误部分的字母，无需改正错误：
（1）Little they knew（A） that in 1926 when（B） the first TV broadcast began, it（C） would have such an impact on people's everyday life（D）.
（2）A patent gives（A） inventors exclusive（B） rights to their inventions for a fix（C） period of time（D）.

四、完型填空（10分） 

每空提供四个选择项，选择最佳答案填空，如：
The three biggest lies in America are: The check is in the mail; Of course, I'll respect you in the morning; It was a computer（1）.

Of these three little white lies, the worst of the lot by far is the third. It's the only one that can（2）be true. Today, if a bank statement cheats you out of $900 that way, you know what the clerk is sure to say. "It was a computer error." Nonsense. The computer is reporting（3）more than what the clerk typed into it.

The most irritating case of all is when the computerized cash register in the grocery store shows that an item costs more than it actually（4）.If the innocent buyer poiints out the mistake, buyer, and manager all come together and（5）the familiar explanation:"It was a computer error."

It wasn't, of course. That high-tech cash register is really nothing more than an electric eye. The eye reads the Universal Product Code-that ribbon of black and white lines in a corner of the package-and the（6）the code against a price list stored in memory. If the price list is right, you'll be charged（7）. 

Grocery stores undate the price list each day-that is, somebody sits at a keyboard and types in the prices. If the price they type in is too high, there are only two explanations, carelessness or dishonesty. But（8）"a computer error" is supposed to excuse everything.

One reason we let people hide behind a computer is the common misperception that huge, modem computers are "electric brains" with "artificial intelligence". At some point there might be a machine with intelligence, but（9）esists today. The smartest computer on Earth right now is no more "intelligent" that your screwdriver. At this point in the developemnt of computers, the only thing any mechine can do is（10）a human has instructed it to do.

1）
A、error
B、mistake
C、crime
D、fault

2）
A、once
B、never
C、ever
D、no

3）
A、something
B、none
C、nothing
D、anything

4）
A、costs
B、has done
C、has cost
D、does

5）
A、offer
B、request
C、supply
D、venture

6）
A、examines
B、reads
C、scans
D、checks

7）
A、exactly
B、precisely
C、truly
D、accurately

8）
A、somehow
B、such as
C、in fact
D、for example

9）
A、one
B、some
C、none
D、some

10）
A、how
B、what
C、that
D、whatever



2、从所给词汇中为每空选一个适当的词，如：
after, expensive, person, appear, had, as, industry, unchanged, cheap, later, company, methods, same, way

Henry Ford was the first（1）to build cars which were（2）, strong, and fast. He was able to sell millions of cars because be "mass-produced" them, that is, he made a great many cars of exactly the same type. Ford's father hoped that his son would become a farmar, but the young man did not like the idea and he went to Detroit, Where he worked（3）a mechanic. By the age of 29, in 1892, he（4）built his first car. However, the first "mass-produced" car in the world, the famous "Model T", did not（5）until 1908-five years（6）Ford had started his great Motor（7）. This car proved to be some much enjoyed that it remained（8）for twenty years. Since Ford's time, mass-production（9）have become common in（10）and have reduce the have reduce the price of many articles which would otherwise be very expensive.

3、不提供选项，由考生自己填写，如：
The bicycle makes human foot power more efficient. It help（1）________ to go much farther and（2）________ than they can walk（3）________ run. Over a period of（4）________ . it can go farther than（5）________ horse, And you can（6）________ it where cars（7）________ to. Many people all（8）________ the word depend on（9）________ to get where they（10）________ to go.

五、阅读理解（25分） 

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find those careers in engineering. In production, in statistical work, and the teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field, There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgements. We can call these people "generalists". And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's work, to begin it and judge it.

The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools, He is a "trained" man; and his educational backgrounds is properly technical or professional. The generalist-and especially the administrator-deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job, At the same time you must not look up on the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

1）There is an increasing demand for ________ .
A、all-round people in their own fields
B、people whose job is to organize other people's work
C、generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
D、specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others.

2）The administraor is a ________ .
A、"trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalist
B、man who sees the trees as well as the forest
C、man who is very strong in the humanities
D、man who is an "educated" specialist

3）During your training period, it is important to ________ .
A、try to be a generalist
B、choose a profitable job
C、find an organization which fits you
D、decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

4）A man's first job ________ .
A、is never the right job for him
B、should not be regarded as his final job
C、should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold a job
D、is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

5）Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A、An organization needs both generalists and specialists.
B、An organization needs more administrators than professionals.
C、It is unlikely that one can be both a good generalist and a good specialist.
D、One should not consider his first job as a lifetime one

六、英汉句子互译（15分）

1、将下列句子译成中文：
（1）In the case of producer-induced demand, business firms advertise to convince the customers that the need the goods that they would not have missed had the advertising and additional production never occurred.
（2）Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for a few minutes.

2、将下列句子译成英文：
（1）人力投资有时比资本的投入在生产中更管用。
（2）广告最显而易见的目的是使消费者了解可得到的产品或服务。