2002年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

经贸知识英语

（课程代号：0095）

Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions (10%):

1) From English into Chinese

a. compound duties
b. documentary collection
c. sales confirmation
d. preferred stock
e. GDP per capita

2) From Chinese into English

a. 保护主义
b. 无支付能力
c. 交（货）
d. 到岸价
e. 股东


Ⅱ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. There are two additional choices on the right (5%): 

1) drawback          a. duties imposed on goods imported and exported

2) terms of trade    b. the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss

3) title             c. duties on imports that are refunded when reexported

4) deposit           d. right to the possession of a position or property

5) hyperinflation    e. the relation of export and import prices

                     f. soaring of prices beyond control

                     g. money paid as part of the payment owed


Ⅲ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English (20%):

1. international trade

2. transferable credit

3. insurance

4. MNC

5. commercial invoice


IV . Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (10%):

    Perhaps the most common method of dealing with risk is to shift, or 1)_______ ,the risk to an insurance company. An insurer (or insurance company) is a firm that agrees, for a fee, to assume 2)_______ responsibility for losses that may result from a specific risk.

    The fee 3)________ by an insurance company is called a premium. A contract between an insurer and the person or firm whose risk is assumed is known as an insurance 4)_______.Generally, an insurance policy is written for a period of one year. Then, if both parties are willing, it is 5)________ each year. It specifies exactly which risks are covered by the agreement, the dollar amounts the insurer will pay in case of a 6)________, and the amount of the premium.

    Insurance is thus the 7)_______ against loss that the purchase of an insurance policy affords. Insurance companies will not, however, assume every kind of risk. A risk that insurance companies will assume is called an 8) ________ risk. A risk that insurance companies will not assume is called an uninsurable risk.

    In general, pure risks are insurable, whereas 9) ________ risks are uninsurable. An insurance company will protect a Ford Motor Company assembly plant against losses due to fire or hurricanes. It will not, however, protect Ford against losses resulting from a lack of sales 10)_______ for automobiles.


V . Translate the following into Chinese (15%):

    How can more "Made in the U.S.A.' goods get into store shelves in China? Under current trade restrictions, imports from the United States have barely flowed into that nation. However, imports will flood in, if China, the largest emerging market in Asia, joins the World Trade Organization. Although U.S. exports to China have increased over the past decade, the yearly total is still only about $ 12 billion, a tiny piece of all U.S. exports. Meanwhile, the United States has been a very good market for China' s goods: U.S. imports about $ 50 billion worth of goods from China every year, up from roughly 8 10 billion worth of yearly imports just a decade ago.

    If China joins the WTO, the level of U.S. exports to China will skyrocket because high tariffs and various other trade restrictions will be removed. Today tariffs on imports into China range as high as 120 percent. As part of its bid for WTO membership, China has agreed to cut the average tariff rate to 15 percent by the year 2000. In addition, WTO membership would put trade with China under a more standardized legal framework, giving exporters and importers alike more consistent treatment.

    Another benefit of China's proposed WTO membership is that U.S. companies would within a few years be allowed to deal directly with Chinese companies instead of going through a trading company. Just as important, U.S. manufacturers would finally be able to market directly to Chinese consumers. Such an import-friendly environment would be bound to open new trade opportunities for U.S. businesses — which is why many U.S. officials favor WTO membership for China.

Ⅵ. Translate the following into English (25%):

1.作为取代关贸总协定的新的、改善了的机构，世界贸易组织是一个永久性的国际组织，所有关贸总协定的成员国均自动转为世界贸易组织的成员。

2.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的。汇票是对银行或顾客发出的支付命令，包括即期汇票和远期汇票。

3.买方发出的询盘是为了获得拟订购商品的有关信息，它对发出询盘的人无约束力。

4.即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可支付数量明确的保险费来转移风险，也不愿有遭受风险的不确定性。

5.尽管跨国公司的日常管理工作下放到其子公司，但重要决策，如公司目标和新投资项目都由母公司来决定。

Ⅶ. Answer the following questions in English (15%):

1 . Why and how are Incoterms used ? Give two commonly used terms to illustrate.

2. How is D/A different from D/P after sight? Which is safer for the exporter?