方法一：定义法

    假如你在描述某人的个性时，用了’indecisive’这个词, 那么在该词之后，可以给它下个定义。如：Jane is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind. 这样读者能更好地把握Jane的个性。
    假如你写了这么一个句子：The harbor is protected by a jetty. 读者不一定明白jetty的含义。若把’jetty’之后的句号删除，加上一个破折号，补上一个短语。也就是，把原句写成：The harbor is protected by a jetty -- a wall built out into the water. 这样，读者看了你介绍的新知识，感激之情由然而生。

方法二：重述法

    当你在介绍一名马拉松运动员时，如果只写：He was a marathoner. 显得句子简单，内容单薄。若去掉’marathoner’之后的句号，再补上一个定语从句 who would run kilometers and not be weary. 效果就不同了。
    在描写一个人的外表时，如果你只写：He had a wan look. 效果就不如在其之后加上这么一句：He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.好。

方法三：给出相关知识或信息

    如果只写：I hit my head on the lintel. 读者或许会问："lintel是什么？" 如果给出相关知识：The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. ’lintel’的意思就一目了然了。
    同样，如果只写：I sat behind him on the pillion. 读者或许会问："pillion是什么？" 如果给出相关知识：Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night. ’pillion’的意思也就明了了。
    如果只写：Carl had a strange phobia about taking tests. 那么该句对Carl的考试恐惧感的描述不够具体。 如果给出相关信息：Just before the exam Carl’s hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even though he knew the subject very well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests. 读者读了之后，就会在脑子里浮现出一副Carl考试紧张的画面。

方法四：比较/对照法

    假如你要描述热气球的上升过程，只写：The hot-air balloon took off. 读者可能只好自己想象这一过程。如果你在此之后补上：It was as buoyant in the air as a cork in water. 你的描述就要形象得多。
    如果你在描述某人的某一品行时，只写：He was not frugal. 其效果会不如：He was not frugal since he spent money so freely.
    由此可见，在表达一定内容的时候，作者首先要想方设法用上新学的词语，然后把自己想象成一名读者，看看读者需要使用什么技巧来理解该作品。

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