3、if引导条件状语从句时，可以将were/had/should提至句首，省略if考试时经常是将省略if的与含有if的选项并列，在这种情况下，应注意分清从句的时态，尽管多数情况下都是倒装的结构为正确选项。如（3）、（4）、（6）和（7）。

　　再如：

　　Were they here now，they could help us.=If they were here now，they could help us.

　　Had you come earlier，you would have met him.=If you had come earlier，you would have met him.

　　More Exercises

　　（1）If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell，you ____ now.

　　A.wouldn't be smiling

　　B.couldn't have smiled

　　C.won't smile

　　D.didn't smile

　　答案：A

　　（2）____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.

　　A.Not being

　　B.Had it not been

　　C.Without being

　　D.Not having been

　　答案：B

　　（3）______before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A.Had they arrived

　　B.Would they arrive

　　C.Were they arriving

　　D.Were they to arrive

　　答案：D

　　（4）Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

　　A.has to get

　　B.were to get

　　C.had got

　　D.could have got

　　答案：C

　　（5）_____ right now，she would get there on Sunday.

　　A.Would she leave

　　B.If she leaves

　　C.Were she to leave

　　D.If she had left

　　答案：C

　　（6）Had he worked harder，he ____ the exams.

　　A.must have got through

　　B.would have got through

　　C.would get through

　　D.could get through

　　答案：B

　　（7）If the whole operation _____ beforehand，a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

　　A.was not planned

　　B.has not been planned

　　C.had not been planned

　　D.were not planned

　　答案：C

　　（二）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

　　（1）Without your help，we _____ so much.（1996.6）

　　A.didn't achieve

　　B.would not have achieved

　　C.will not achieve

　　D.don't achieve

　　（2）Something must have happened on their way here.Or they by _____ now.（2002.6）

　　A.should have arrived

　　B.should arrive

　　C.would have arrived

　　D.would arrive

　　（3）But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday.（2003.4）

　　A.should have

　　B.would have had

　　C.would have

　　D.would had

　　（4）But for my classmates' help，I _____ the work in time.（2004.4）

　　A.did not finish

　　B.could not finish

　　C.will not finish

　　D.would not have finished

　　（5）I would have joined him in a picnic，but I _____ his company.（2004.11）

　　A.will not like

　　B.don't like

　　C.had not liked

　　D.might not like

　　（6）Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well.（2004.11）

　　A.would not grow

　　B.will not grow

　　C.had not grow

　　D.would not be grown

　　「答案」BDBDD A

　　「评析」

　　含蓄虚拟条件句指没有明确的条件从句的虚拟条件句，一般是条件用介词短语、分词短语或并列句的方式表达，这时主句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。

　　三级测试中常考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有：

　　① But for/Without， 主句…… ，如（1）、（3）、（4）和（6）。

　　（1）Without your help， we _____ so much.（1996.6）

　　A.didn't achieve

　　B.would not have achieved

　　C.will not achieve

　　D.don't achieve

　　答案：B

　　（3）But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday.（2003.4）

　　A.should have

　　B.would have had

　　C.would have

　　D.would had

　　答案：B

　　（4）But for my classmates' help，I _____ the work in time.（2004.4）

　　A.did not finish

　　B.could not finish

　　C.will not finish

　　D.would not have finished

　　答案：D

　　（6）Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well.（2004.11）

　　A.would not grow

　　B.will not grow

　　C.had not grow

　　D.would not be grown

　　答案：A

　　② ……， otherwise/or …… ，如（2）

　　（2）Something must have happened on their way here.Or they _____ by now.（2002.6）

　　A.should have arrived

　　B.should arrive

　　C.would have arrived

　　D.would arrive

　　答案：D

　　再如：

　　He hadn't had food for two days，or/otherwise he wouldn’t have fainted out at work.

　　③ ……，thought/but …… ，如5）

　　（5）I would have joined him in a picnic，but I _____ his company.（2004.11）

　　A.will not like

　　B.don't like

　　C.had not liked

　　D.might not like

　　答案：D

　　再如：

　　Einstein cared little for money，though he could have been very rich.

　　He could have got the job，but he didn't apply for it.

　　④分词/不定式，主句……

　　Having been born ten years earlier，you could have witnessed the disaster.

　　Given more time，we could have done the work much better.

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