Part I Writing(30 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

　　1. 代沟的表现。

　　2. 代沟出现的家庭原因。

　　3. 代沟出现的社会原因。

　　Generation Gap

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Landfills

　　You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.

　　Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person; which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trashes per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.

　　How Much Trash Is Generated?

　　Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unredeemable, is discarded.

　　How Is Trash Disposed of?

　　The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.

　　What Is a Landfill?

　　There are two ways to bury trash:

　　Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)

　　Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.

　　Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment

　　Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment

　　The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.

　　Proposing the Landfill

　　For a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.

　　In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:

　　the area of land necessary for the landfill

　　the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock

　　the flow of surface water over the site

　　the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife

　　the historical value of the proposed site

　　Building the Landfill

　　Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.

　　What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?

　　Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled, 40 year old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!

　　How Is a Landfill Operated?

　　A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.

　　Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.

　　As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.

　　Along the site, there are dropoff stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material dropoff station is used for tires, motor oil, and leadacid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.

　　In addition, there is a household hazardous waste dropoff station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.

　　Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane (甲烷) station.

　　Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.

　　1. The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.

　　2. Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.

　　3. Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.

　　4. Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.

　　5. In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.

　　6. In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.

　　7. Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills.

　　1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]

　　5.[Y][N][NG] 6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]

　　8. Customers are typically , although residents may also use the landfill.

　　9. The tipping fees vary from per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs.

　　10. Along the site, there are for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill.

Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11.[A]In an office.[B]On a farm.[C]In a clinic.[D]In a restaurant.

　　12.[A]When he was sixteen.[B]When he was twenty-one.

　　[C]When he was thirteen.[D]When he was eighteen.

　　13.[A]Thursday 9 am—5 pm.[B]Saturday 9 am—5 pm.

　　[C]Sunday 2 am—5 pm.[D]Monday 2 am—5 pm.

　　14.[A]She shopped.[B]She sewed.

　　[C]She repaired her car.[D]She bought some tobacco.

　　15.[A]Help the woman.[B]Go home at five o’clock.

　　[C]Type some letters.[D]Work together with Mr. Smith.

　　16.[A]The first speaker.[B]Merry.[C]Linda.[D]The second speaker.

　　17.[A]He needs to sleep for three or four hours.[B]He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.

　　[C]He will need more than one cup of coffee.[D]He has been wide awake for time.

　　18.[A]On the 2nd floor.[B]On the 3rd floor.

　　[C]On the 9th floor.[D]On the 4th floor.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19.[A]Go to summer school.[B]Take a vacation.

　　[C]Stay at home.[D]Earn some money.

　　20.[A]They hired someone to stay in their home.[B]They left their pets with neighbors.

　　[C]They rented their house to a student.[D]They asked their gardener to watch their home.

　　21.[A]Walking the dog.[B]Cutting the grass.

　　[C]Watching the children.[D]Feeding the fish.

　　22.[A]They attend a house sitter’s party.[B]They check a house sitter’s references.

　　[C]They interview a house sitter’s friends.[D]They look at a house sitter’s transcripts.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23.[A]University education.[B]Planning for post-graduate studies.

　　[C]Job hunting.[D]Advertising jobs.

　　24.[A]About one half.[B]About one third.

　　[C]About one fourth.[D]About one fifth.

　　25.[A]Work. [B]Do further study.[C]Travel.[D]Take time off.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26.[A]The care and proper selection of dogs for family pets.

　　[B]Different breeds of dogs.

　　[C]Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for.

　　[D]Different kinds of books about dogs.

　　27.[A]Children.[B]Family.[C]Parents.[D]ASPCA.

　　28.[A]When you have small children.[B]When you live in an apartment.

　　[C]When space is limited.[D]When you live in the city.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.[A]Three minutes.[B]Two minutes.[C] One minutes.[D]Five minutes.

　　30.[A]To win a competition. [B]To break a record.

　　[C]To deliver the news of victory. [D]To win the first prize.

　　31.[A]Because he is over the fellow runners. [B]Because he is over former runners.

　　[C]Because he is over his own body. [D]Because he wins the prize.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.[A]It is the smallest one of all the stars.[B]It is the nearest one to the earth.

　　[C]It is the biggest one of all the stars.[D]It is the farthest one from the earth.

　　33.[A]The moon.[B]Other planets.[C]Both A and B.[D]Neither A nor B.

　　34.[A]Do much research in many fields of science.

　　[B]Understand people in other countries better.

　　[C]Both A and B.[D]Neither A nor B.

　　35.[A]The earth is a planet.[B]Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look.

　　[C]Satellites are all made by men.[D]Men can conquer other planets.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　Holiday shopping is an exciting and (36) thing to do for many people. They love the crowds, the time spent picking out that (37) gift for a loved one.

　　Then there are those of us who hate crowds. Robb Empson used to be one of those (38) holiday gift buyers. Not anymore. The 50yearold man checked off his (39) gift list two weeks ago-shopping online. Knowing he doesn’t have to visit (40) during the crowded holiday season is a “wonderful feeling,” said Empson, who has been full of (41) online shopper for several years. This year, he spent about 700 dollar on a (42) holiday gifts from Amazon. com. (43) , Internet holiday sales grew 28 percent last year and 54 percent in 2000.

　　(44) .

　　Many are turning to online shopping as an alternative. The idea of shopping in your soft loose clothes you wear at home is pretty cool to those who hate shopping. The perfect gift is out there; one needs merely to surf the Web.

　　(45) .

　　With the click of a mouse, consumers can send flowers and gifts to distant relatives. Shopping online can be safe and convenient. Consumers need only to know the rules and to take steps to protect themselves. (46)

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also54certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.

　　[A]field[B]possess[C]considered

　　[D]express[E]offer[F]create

　　[G]required[H]of[I]emerge

　　[J]make[K]lack[L] however

　　[M] scope[N] cause[O] that

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

　　“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

　　There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

　　Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.

　　There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns.

　　[A]informs job hunters of the opportunities available

　　[B]promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment

　　[C]divides available jobs into various types

　　[D]informs employers of the people available for work

　　58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because.

　　[A]there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people

　　[B]there are so many toplevel jobs available

　　[C]there are so many people out of work

　　[D]the job history is considered to be a work of art

　　59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .

　　[A]write an initial letter giving their life history

　　[B]pass some exams before applying for a job

　　[C]have no qualifications other than being able to read and write

　　[D]keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview

　　60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .

　　[A]something that would distinguish one from other applicants

　　[B]hinted information about the personality of the applicant

　　[C]one’s advantages over others in applying for the job

　　[D]an occasional trick with the aggressive approach

　　61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .

　　[A]there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised

　　[B]there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees

　　[C]jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays

　　[D]the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

　　Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.

　　Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.

　　Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.

　　62.There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .

　　[A]cause a shortage of apartments[B]worry those who rent apartments as homes

　　[C]increase the profits of landlords[D]encourage landlords to invest in building apartment

　　63.According to the critics, rent control .

　　[A]will always benefit those who rent apartments[B]is unnecessary

　　[C]will bring negative effects in the long run[D]is necessary under all circumstances

　　64.The problem of unemployment will arise .

　　[A]if the minimum wage is set too high[B]if the minimum wage is set too low

　　[C]if the workers are unskilled[D]if the maximum wage is set

　　65.The passage tells us .

　　[A]the relationship between supply and demand

　　[B]the possible results of government controls

　　[C]the necessity of government control

　　[D]the urgency of getting rid of government controls

　　66.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　[A]The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.

　　[B]Minimum wage can not always protect employees.

　　[C]Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.

　　[D]Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.

Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 67 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 70 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 71 in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have 72 meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 73 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 75 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76 down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word either orally or mentally as 77 reads.

　　To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79 the reader finds comfortable, in order to ”stretch“ him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80 word-by-word reading, regression and sub vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 83 reading skill drastically improved after some training. 84 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

　　67.[A]applying[B]doing[C]offering[D]getting

　　68.[A]quickly[B]easily[C]roughly[D]decidedly

　　69.[A]good[B]curious[C]poor[D]urgent

　　70.[A]training[B]habits[C]situations[D]custom

　　71.[A]lies[B]combines[C]touches[D]involves

　　72.[A]some[B]A lot[C]little[D]dull

　　73.[A]Fortunately[B]In fact[C]Logically[D]Unfortunately

　　74.[A]reuse[B]reread[C]rewrite[D]recite

　　75.[A]what[B]which[C]that[D]if

　　76.[A]scales[B]cuts[C]slows[D]measures

　　77.[A]some one[B]one[C]he[D]reader

　　78.[A]accelerator[B]actor[C]amplifier[D]observer

　　79.[A]then[B]as[C]beyond[D]than

　　80.[A]enabling[B]leading[C]making[D]indicating

　　81.[A]meaning[B]comprehension[C]gist[D]regression

　　82.[A]but[B]nor[C]or[D]for

　　83.[A]our[B]your[C]their[D]such a

　　84.[A]Look at[B]Take[C]Make[D]Consider

　　85.[A]for[B]in[C]after[D]before

　　86.[A]master[B]go over[C]present[D]get through

        Part Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)

　　Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

　　87.But for his help, I (我不可能这么早完成).

　　88.I don’t mind your(延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　89.Over a third of the population was estimated(无法获得) to the health service.

　　90.It is no good waiting for the bus,(我们不妨走回家吧).

　　91.Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, (尽情地唱歌跳舞).

Key to Model Test Two

　

　Part I Writing

　　【写作思路】

　　本文是一篇关于代沟的论文。从代沟的现象开始讨论，接着提出代沟产生的家庭原因以及社会原因。

　　【参考范文】

　　Generation Gap

　　Generation gap seems a hot topic between the old and the young. Parents complained that children didn’t show them proper respect and obedience, while children complained that their parents didn’t understand them at all. Often they discover that they have very little in common.

　　One cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life. In traditional societies, children live in the same area as their parents, marry people their parents know and approve of, and often continue the family occupation.

　　In our society, people often move out of the home at an early age, marry or live with people their parents have never met, and choose occupations that are rather different. Parents often expect their children to be better than them. However, these ambitions for their children are another cause of the division between them.

　　Finally, the speed of change in our society is another cause of it. In a traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date.

　　No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of our life. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.

Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. 【解析】Y本文主要叙述了垃圾掩埋法的过程和用途，这正是全文主旨所在，因此是正确的。

　　2. 【解析】Y本题答案可见文章第二段。Some gets recycled or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.由此可见，大部分的垃圾都是被掩埋了。

　　3. 【解析】N由文章第四段可见本题是错误的。The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries in landfill disposal.美国出于这些国家的中间位置。

　　4. 【解析】N由文中这一句可以看本题错误的。A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. 可见，垃圾掩埋并不像混合肥料堆那样。

　　5. 【解析】Y大多数国家垃圾掩埋的地址都是有规定和规则的。从文中这句话可以看出这句话是正确的。In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate.

　　6. 【解析】N在副标题为proposing the landfill部分的第二段说到In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities.由此可见，在美国垃圾掩埋是地方政府的责任，与联邦政府无关，因此答案是错误的。

　　7. 【解析】NG危险垃圾在被掩埋之前是否经过处理这一信息在文中并未提到。

　　8. 【解析】municipalities and construction companies在副标题为how is a landfill operated部分中第一段就给出了答案。

　　9. 【解析】$10 to $40在副标题为how is a landfill operated部分中第三段第三句话。

　　10.【解析】drop off stations在副标题为how is a landfill operated部分中第四段的第一句话。

Part III Listening Comprehension

　　Section A

　　11.W：Would you like to order now?

　　M：Yes. Please show me the menu.

　　Q：Where are the man and the woman now?

　　【解析】D 从 order 和menu两个词中可以判断说话人是在餐厅就餐。

　　12.W：How long have you been driving?

　　M：Actually I began driving when I was thirteen. But I didn’t get a license until I was sixteen.

　　Q：When did the man start driving?

　　【解析】C 说话人说自己十三岁就开始开车，十六岁拿到驾照。十六岁为干扰项，正确答案是十三岁。

　　13.W：Excuse me, could you please tell me when the bank is open?

　　M：It’s open from 9 am to 5 pm on weekdays, and 10 am to 4 pm on Saturdays.

　　Q：When is the bank open?

　　【解析】A 女士问银行何时开门，男士回答说平日里是上午九点到下午五点，周六是上午十点到下午四点。此处 weekdays 指“在每个周日, 在平日 (指星期一至星期五)”。

　　14.M：Didn’t you go shopping today? Where’s the tobacco you promised to bring me?

　　W：I planned to, but the car was out of order so I did some sewing instead.

　　Q：What did the woman do today?

　　【解析】B 男士问女士为何没去购物。女士回答说本来打算去的，但是车子有点问题，所以就在家做了些针线活。

　　15. W：If any of you give me a hand, I could finish this job before five o’clock.

　　M：I would like to, but I can’t. Mr. Brown told me to type some letters before I go home.

　　Q：What did Mr. Brown ask the man to do?

　　【解析】C 男士跟女士解释说我很乐意帮你，但是我没办法，布朗先生要我回家之前打印一些信件。从男士的回答中我们可以直接找到答案。

　　16.M：You work harder than Merry.

　　W：But Linda works even harder.

　　Q：Who works the hardest?

　　【解析】C 男士说女士比玛丽工作努力，女士说琳达比自己还要努力。因此，工作最努力的人是琳达。

　　17.W：Would you like a cup of coffee to help you wake up?

　　M：A cup of coffee? I’ll need three or four.

　　Q：What does the man mean?

　　【解析】C 女士问男士是否需要一杯咖啡帮他清醒。男士回答说一杯不行，要三四杯。由此可见答案。

　　18.W：Excuse me, where’s the cashier’s office? I’ve come to pay a bill.

　　M：It’s on the 2nd floor, the 3rd room on the right.

　　Q：Where’s the cashier’s office?

　　【解析】A 女士问出纳员的办公室在哪儿，男士说在二楼右边第三个房间。3rd room 为干扰项，2nd 才是正确答案。

　　Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

　　Conversation One

　　M：I really don’t know what to do this summer. I can’t afford to just sit around, and there don’t seem to be any jobs available.

　　W：Why don’t you try house sitting? Last summer my friend Margaret house sat for the Dodds when they are away on vacation. Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty.

　　M：You mean the Dodds paid Margaret just to live in their house?

　　W：It wasn’t that easy. She had to mow the lawn and water the house plants. And when Eric house sat for Dr. Cohen, he had to take care of her pets.

　　M：Housesitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like babysitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children.

　　W：The Student Employment Office still has a few jobs posted.

　　M：Do you just have to fill out an application?

　　W：Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each.

　　M：That seems like a lot of trouble for a summer job.

　　W：Well, the house owners want some guarantee that they can trust the house sitter. You know, they want to make sure you’re not the type who’ll throw wild parties in their house, or move a group of friends in with you.

　　M：House sitters who do that sort of things probably aren’t paid then?

　　W：Usually they’re paid anyway just because the house owners don’t want to make a fuss. But if the house owner reported it, then the housesitter wouldn’t be able to get another job. So why don’t you apply?

　　M：Yeah, I think I will.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. What does the man want to do this summer?

　　【解析】D 对话一开始男士即说暑假不能待着，但似乎没有什么可行的工作，即说明他想假期做一份兼职。

　　20.What did the Dodds do when they went away last summer?

　　【解析】A Mr. Dodd hired Margaret to stay in their house because he didn’t want it left empty. 从这一句中可以看出 Dodds一家去年夏天外出时，他们雇了Margaret 在他们家看家。

　　21.What is one responsibility the housesitter probably wouldn’t have?

　　【解析】C Housesitting sounds like a good job. I guess it’s a little like babysitting, expect you are taking care of the house instead of children. 从这句话中可看出 housesitting的工作类似于保姆 babysitting，只是除了要照顾孩子。

　　22.How do house owners determine the reliability of a housesitter?

　　【解析】B Margaret and Eric had to interview with the house owners and provide three references each. 从这句话中可以看出房屋主人对应聘者进行了面试，并且每位应聘者分别提供三份介绍信。

　　Conversation Two

　　M：You’ve worked in a university before, haven’t you?

　　W：Yes, in Britain, yes.

　　M：What, how do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?

　　W：Well, most universities have a Careers Advice Service. I used to know the people in the Careers Service in Newcastle University and they, in fact, seem fairly successful in finding jobs for students. They are able to get jobs for 3040% of new graduates.

　　M：That seems a fairly low percentage.

　　W：Well...it’s not if you consider the various other options which people take up. For example, there are a fair number of people I don’t remember the exact number, who go into further study, who carry straight on into master’s degrees. Either at the same university or another university. So that’s fair chunk. Then there are others, a second group of people, who decide not to take a career job immediately after university. Instead, they decide to take time off, maybe see the world, and...and...well there is a third group, the people who can’t actually get the jobs they wait for a job they really want. So when I say 3040% find jobs through the careers service, that doesn’t mean that only that number find jobs. A lot of other people find jobs through the newspapers.

　　M：So it is quite high really, yes.

　　W：Oh, I think so, relatively, yes. And quite a lot of other people of course look in newspapers and the particular journals or magazines which advertise jobs in the fields they’re interested in.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard

　　23.What are the man and the woman talking about?

　　【解析】C 两个人讨论的是关于大学生毕业后找工作的问题，通过什么渠道找工作。Job hunting 即为找工作之意。

　　24.What is the percentage of college graduates getting jobs through university help?

　　【解析】B 女士介绍说大学里的介绍工作的服务机构可以帮助30%-40% 的毕业生找到工作。四个选项里只有三分之一在这个数字范围之内。

　　25.What do most college graduates in Britain do when they graduate?

　　【解析】A 大多数毕业生毕业之后是去找工作，他们通过学校的工作介绍机构，或者通过报纸、杂志等找工作。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy addition to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the consequences can cause you a lot of trouble.

　　Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the problems involved before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dogs, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it’s a good idea to go to the library or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. When a book describes a dog as an ideal hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small apartment. Dog breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the space available in the home.

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. What is the main topic of the talk?

　　【解析】A 本文主要讲了养小狗做家庭

　　宠物要十分细心慎重。如果选择不慎的话，会带来许多问题。

　　27. According to the speaker who was really responsible for the dog’s welfare?

　　【解析】C 说话者认为父母才是最应该对小狗负责的人。从这句话中就可以看出来：the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for.

　　28. When is the toy dog a good choice?

　　【解析】C 当你的住房面积很小的时候，养一只小型狗是很好的选择。文中有明确地指出：If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice.

　　Passage Two

　　Everywhere we look, we see Americans running. They run for every reason anybody could think of. They run for health, for beauty, to lose weight, to feel fit, and because it is the thing they love to do. Every year, for example, thousands of people run in one race, the Boston Marathon, the best know long distance race in the United States. In recent years there have been nearly 5,000 official competitors and it takes three whole minutes for the crowd of runners just to cross the starting line.

　　You may have heard the story of the Greek runner, Pheidippides. He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago. No one knows how long it took him to run the distance. But the story tells us that he died of the effort. Today no one will die in a Marathon race. But at the finish line, we see what this race is about; not being first, but finishing. The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body. It is a victory of will power over fatigue. In the Boston Marathon, each person who crosses that finish line is a winner.

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. How long does it takes for the runners to cross the starting line in recent Marathon race?

　　【解析】A 细节考察题。第一段提到在最近的比赛中，选手们穿过起跑线都需要3分钟的时间。

　　30. Why did the Greek runner run from Marathon to Athens?

　　【解析】C 细节考察题。见第二段， “He ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver the news of the great victory 2,500 years ago”由此可知，是为了传达胜利的消息。

　　31. Why is a person who crosses the finish line a winner?

　　【解析】C 判断推理题。见第二段，“The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners, but over one’s own body”真正的胜利不是战胜对手，而是战胜自己。

　　Passage Three

　　Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much father away. You can’t see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you’ll be able to see thousands of them.

　　The earth is one of the sun’s planets, and the moon is the nearest to the earth in space, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets.

　　Many countries have sent up manmade satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Our countries sometimes have sent up man made satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better.

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. What do we learn about the Sun?

　　【解析】 B细节考察题。见第一段第一句，所有的恒星中太阳是离地球最近的一个。

　　33. Which planet have some people reached?

　　【解析】A 细节考察题。见第二段第二句，没有人到达过比月球更远的地方，但人造卫星到达了其他的星球。

　　34. What can we do because of the manmade satellites?

　　【解析】C “归纳总结题。见第三段第二句和最后一句，由此可总结人造卫星既可以帮人们展开研究，也可以增进人们之间的了解”。

　　35. What do we learn from the passage?

　　【解析】A 细节考察题。见第二段第一句，“The earth is one of the sun’s planets”由此知，地球是一个行星。

　　Section C

　　36. 【答案】fun

　　【解析】假期购物对许多人来说是件令人兴奋而有趣的事，fun表示“有趣”。

　　37. 【答案】perfect

　　【解析】此处应填形容词 perfect, 表示“极好的，完美的”。

　　38.【答案】lastminute

　　【解析】此处应填复合名词 lastminute, 表示“最后一刻”。

　　39.【答案】entire

　　【解析】此处应填形容词 entire, 表示“全部的，整个的”。

　　40.【答案】stores

　　【解析】此处应填名词 store 的复数形式 stores, 指“商店”

　　41.【答案】enthusiasm

　　【解析】此处应填名词 enthusiasm。Full of enthusiasm 表示“充满热情的”，相当于 be enthusiastic。

　　42. 【答案】dozen

　　【解析】a dozen 意为“一打、很多”。

　　43.【答案】Overall

　　【解析】该词位于句首，首字母必须大写，所以此处填首字母大写的副词Overall，表示“大致上，全部地”。

　　44. 【答案】 Roughly 60 million Americans will buy at least some of their gifts via their computers

　　【解析】大约六千万美国人通过计算机购买部分礼品。

　　45.【答案】Internet shopping is no longer new or unusual for people

　　【解析】网上购物对人们来说已不是新鲜事了。

　　46. 【答案】It’s all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable.

　　【解析】此句是说：网上购物使得人们购物更高效、可靠和舒适。

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　47. 【解析】H 选of 。使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须仔细权衡，此处空格填介词of。

　　48. 【解析】C 选considered。consider意思是“考虑，认为”。使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须仔细权衡，此处用被动态。

　　49. 【解析】F选create。create意思是“产生，制造”。国外的教师资源也会产生些问题。

　　50. 【解析】L选however。本句与前一句意思为转折关系，而且转折词在前，因此用连词however。

　　51. 【解析】O选that。他必须适应管理严密的大学系统，而这一点是与他国内的管理大不相同的。that是指代严密的管理。

　　52. 【解析】K选lack。所有外来教授和他的学生都缺乏共同的文化共同性。

　　53. 【解析】G选required。外来教授需要接受那些已在美国学生头脑里已存在的概念。

　　54. 【解析】J选make。做些调整用动词make。大学必须做出适当的调整。

　　55. 【解析】E选offer。offer意思是“提供，供应”。

　　56. 【解析】A选field。field意思是“领域”。这是一个有待进一步研究的领域。

　　Section B

　　Passage one

　　57.【解析】 B 细节理解题。文章从报纸上刊登的招聘启事小广告说起，说到了高失业率问

　　题以及找工作投递简历等问题。该题有一定难度。根据题干，解答该题应定位在第一段。

　　第一段第二行说“它有时放在situations vacant’(招聘)栏目…，”其中招聘加了引号，再加上随后的让步从句明确否定了给人提供工作，所以A项应排除。第三行说“它有时放在‘situations wanted’(求职)栏目…，”随后的让步从句也明确否定了D项。而选择正确答案应根据最后一句话“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.” B项正确。C项“把现有的工作分成各种类型”文章没有提及，也应排除。

　　58.【解析】 C 细节理解题。解答该题只需正确理解第二段第二行“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”(这种特别服务的出现和成功反映了当今的高失业率。)这正是C项的内容。该题属“倒着考题”型。

　　59.【解析】 D 细节理解题。最关键的提示句应该是第三段第三句“The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”言外之意，在信中不必写得太详细，应该在得到面试机会时再透露更多细节。D项为正确选项。

　　60.【解析】A 细节理解题。文章第四段第一行中的“as you moved up the ladder”对应了题

　　干中的“as one went on to apply for more important jobs”。因此，随后的内容即为答案

　　“Something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.” A项正确。B项说“有关申请人个性的隐含信息”，C项说“申请人申请工作时相对于其他人的优势”，这两项均不正确，D)项表示“用主动积极的方法偶尔玩点花招”只是引人关注的其中一种方法，不如A具有概括性。

　　61.【解析】 B 单句理解题。本题问个人履历为什么重要。学生只要正确理解最后一段，就可做出正确选择，最后一句实际上是强调句型:“…it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.”明确讲明是越来越多的具有大学教育背景的求职者使得个人履历更显重要。“it is”后的内容也即是B项的内容，所以B项正确。A、C、D项文中都没有涉及，均应排除。

　　Passage two

　　62.【解析】A 细节理解题。本文讨论了限制最高租房金以及最低工资等问题，以及相应引起的经济现象。本题问规定最高租金可能会导致什么结果。文章第一段明确指出，landlords(房东)收取租户的租金有了最高限额，他们的利润会受到影响，也可能导致他们投资其他行业，鉴于此，C、D两项都是错误的。B项“使租房为家的人担忧”文中没有涉及，也不对。依据第一段最后一句话“…, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.”可知A项为惟一选项。

　　63.【解析】C细节理解题。依据第一段第四句“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.”可断定C项正确。A、B、D诸项都含绝对意味，都不符合文中意思。

　　64.【解析】A 细节理解题。解答该题只要准确理解第二段的含义，尤其从第三行开始“However, if the minimum is high,…Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.”此题较简单。

　　65.【解析】B 主旨题。本文从rent control和最低工资控制两方面讨论了政府控制可能造成的后果。进一步说，许多政府行为可能保护某些利益，但从长远看，也会带来许多问题。B项正确。A项说(文章叙述了)供需关系;C项说(文章叙述了)政府控制的必要性;D项说(文章叙述了)摆脱政府控制的紧迫性。文章并没有深入谈及这三项内容，显然不能成为文章主旨。

　　66.【解析】 D 细节判断题。依据第四段第二行“The predictions may be correct only if ’other things are equal’.”可得知A项是对的。从第二段可得知规定最低工资会使得雇主雇用更少的工人，会考虑用机器替代工人，也就会导致更多的人失业，所以B项应该是可以成立的说法。C项的内容实际上就是A项的另一种说法，也可成立。依据第四段内容，可得知D项不正确。经济理论应该有相当的参考价值，只是还需考虑方方面面的因素。

Part Ⅴ Cloze

　　67.【解析】D本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事”。A项applying需加for,意思是“申请”;B项，C项均不符题意，只有D项(获得)适合。

　　68.【解析】A本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力，是关系到成败的关键所在”只有quickly与原意吻合。easily(容易地);roughly (粗略地);decidedly(果断地)均与原文内容不符。

　　69.【解析】C英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根据上下文的内容，多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差的)。其他选项不妥。

　　70.【解析】B此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits(习惯)。training (训练，培训);situations(形势);custom(风俗习惯)。

　　71.【解析】A 此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combines联合;touches接触;involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。

　　72.【解析】C 这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义”。some有点;A lot许多;dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。

　　73.【解析】D此句意为“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到遗憾”。Fortunately幸运地;In fact事实上;Logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。Unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句义。

　　74.【解析】B 此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”因此，选reread重读。reuse再使用;rewrite改写;recite背诵。

　　75.【解析】A 此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。

　　76.【解析】C scales down按比例减少;cuts down削减;此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合适。

　　77.【解析】B 本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们，我们，你)来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。

　　78.【解析】A 此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员;amplifier放大器;observer观察者。

　　79.【解析】D前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。

　　80.【解析】C 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于making possible;leading引导;indicating指出，表明。都不合题意。只有making (使，使得)最合适。

　　81.【解析】B 这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义;gist大意，要旨regression回顾

　　82.【解析】A 与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……”，只有选but，而nor;or或for均不能构成固定用法。

　　83.【解析】C 本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。

　　84.【解析】Btake与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例”，其他三项不能构成搭配。

　　85.【解析】D 这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较,对比，因此选before。

　　86.【解析】D 此处意为：在较短时 间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握;go over复习;

　　present呈现，展现;此三项均不妥;只有get through (读完)最恰当。

Part Ⅵ Translation

　　87.【解析】would not have finished so early

　　88.【解析】delaying making

　　89.【解析】to have no access

　　90.【解析】we may/might as well walk home

　　91.【解析】singing and dancing to their heart’s content.

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